Women Empowerment Through Education - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2139 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Empowerment Essay Study Essay Did you like this example? WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH EDUCATION *Rashmi Joshi ** Laxmi shree mishra WOMEN EMPOWERMENT is a global issue and discussion on women political right are at the fore front of many formal and informal campaigns world wide. The concept of women empowerment was introduced at the international women conference at NAROIBI in 1985. Education is milestone of women empowerment because it enables them to responds to the challenges , to confront their traditional role and change their life . So that we can’t neglect the importance of education in reference to women empowerment India is poised to becoming superpower , a developed country by 2020. The year 2020 is fast approaching ,it is just 13 year away . This can became reality only when the women of this nation became empowerment . India presently account for the largest number no of illiterates in the world . Literacy rate in India have risen sharply from 18. 3% in 1951 to 64. % in 2001 in which enrolment of women in educati on have also risen sharply 7% to 54. 16% . Despite the importance of women education unfortunately only 39% of women are literate among the 64% of the man. Within the framework of a democratic polity , our laws , development policies , plan and programmes have aimed at women’s advancement in difference spheres. From the fifth five year plan(1974-78) onwards has been a marked shift in the approach to women’s issues from welfare to development . In recent years ,the empowerment of women has been recognized as the central issue in determining the status of women . The National Commission of Women was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1990 to safeguard the right and legal entitlements of women . The 73rd and 74th Amendments (1993) to the constitution of India have provided for reservation of seats in the local bodies of panchayats and Municipalities for women , laying a strong foundation for their participation in decision making at the local level . The purpose of t his paper to focus on the women empowerment through education and this study based on secondary data . *Research Scholar , Depart of Economics ,B. H. U, Varanasi INTRODUCTION The world of humanity has two wing one is women and other man. Not until both wings are equally developed can the bird fly. The Baha’I writings This statement clearly focused on the importance of women in our society . Women constitute an important segment of any community and perform multiple role as mother, housewife, and wages earners . Women are important productive workers in India’s national economy despite the fact that much of their work falls in the indivisible or un-organized category. In reference to Women ,the concept of â€Å"EMPOWERMENT† is a global issue and discussion on women’s right are fore front of many formal and informal campaigns world wide . The concept of women empowerment was introduced at the international women conference at NAROIBI in 1985 . Women E mpowerment has five components :-†¢ Women’s sense of self worth †¢ Their right to have and to determine choices †¢ Their right to have access to opportunities and resources †¢ Their right to have the power to control their own lives, both within and outside the home †¢ And their ability to influence the direction of social change to create a more just social and economic order ,nationally and internationally (1) Education is milestone of women empowerment because it enables them to responds to the challenges , to confront their traditional role and change their life. Empowerment is an active and multidimensional process which enable women to realize their full identity and powers in all sphere of life . Empowerment of women is very much essential to achieve sustainable development . Quoting UNFPA report, â€Å"the state of world population 1992†, the News of Bernard Van Leer Foundation says, that there can be no sustainable development witho ut development of women , because it is women who contribute most for development for children. (2) Education is milestone of women empowerment because it enables them to responds to the challenges , to confront their traditional role and change their life . So that we can’t neglect the importance of education in reference to women empowerment . Education is the first step towards empowerment and the most crucial factor in over all development of the individual as well as nation . Literacy sets one free from ignorance ,exploitation and poverty . It liberates the minds , opening up new horizon ,new hope/ opportunities and self –confidence further equipping them with the knowledge ,skills , self respect and freedom to participate sustain and excel in their life . Illiteracy on the other hand breeds ignorance ,which ,leads to exploitation , poverty, neglect crimes and number of social evils . Literacy deprives women from all opportunities and further prospects of leadi ng a meaningful life and enjoying good standard of living . Education is an effective instrument for social and economic development and national integration . Education enables women to understand their social and legal rights, become economically independent ,, acquire a voice in the affairs of the family and the community . Education is a gateway to information , opportunities and empowerment. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The main objective of this paper to focus on the importance of education in reference to women empowerment and identify the major weakness in women education in India . India is poised to becoming superpower , a developed country by 2020. The year 2020 is fast approaching ,it is just 13 year away . This can became reality only when the women of this nation became empowerment . India presently account for the largest number no of illiterates in the world . Literacy rate in India have risen sharply from 18. 3% in 1951 to 64. 8% in 2001 in which enrolment of women in education have also risen sharply 7% to 54. 6% . Despite strong linkage between women’s education and their equality or empowerment ,female literacy remain very low in India . This is specially in the case in the rural areas . Unfortunately only 39% of the women are literate among the 64% of man . In this reference our government also focused on the education to empowerment of women. The National Policy on Education (1986, revised in 1992) states : â€Å" Education will be used as an agent of basic change in the status of women . In order to neutralize the accumulated distortions of the past ; there will be a well –conceived edge in favor of women . The National Education system will play a positive ,interventionist role empowerment of women . It will be foster the development of new values through redesigned curricula , textbooks ,the training and orientation of the teacher, decision- makers and administration ,and the active involvement of education institution . This will be an act of faith and social engineering . The removal of women’s literacy and obstacles inhibiting their access to ,and retention in , elementary education will receive overriding priority , through provision of special support services , setting their time target , and effective monitoring. EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT :Some Positive Signals The Census 2001 provisional reports indicate that India has made a significant progress in the field of literacy during the decade since the last senses in 1991 . A comparison of 19912001 census figure shows that†¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The literacy rate in 2001 had been recorded at 65. 38% as against 52. 21% in 1991. The literacy rates recorded an impressive growth rate 13. 17% points from 52. 21% in 1991 to 65. 38% in 2001 the highest growth in one decade since independence. The female literacy has been higher at 14. 87% for the males at 11. 72% during this decade. The gape between male and female lit eracy rate has decreased from 24. 84%points in 1991 to 21. 70% points in 2001. The population in seven plus age group increased by 172 million during 1991-2001, while 204 million additional person became literate The total of illiterates has come down from 328 million in 1991 to 296 million in 2001. The decline in number of illiterate population is as large as 31. 96 million during 1991-2001. The decline among male was 21. 45 million and 10. 51 million among female . †¢ All the state and union territories without expectation have shown increase in literacy rates during 1991-2001. The state and union territories which have moved forward by more than fifteen percentage points during the decade are Rajesthan (22. 48), Chhatisgarh (22. 27), Madhya Pradesh(19. 44), Dadar Nagar Haveli(19. 33), Andhar Pradesh (17,02), and Uttar Pradesh (16. 65) †¢ Kerala continues to lead in the race of literacy , with male literacy at 94. 20% and female literacy at 87. 85%. †¢ Bihar recorde d the lowest literates both in case of male 60. 32% and female 33. 57%. In India there has been considerable progress in literacy since independence . The literacy rate for the total population has steadily gone up from 18. 3% in 1951 to 65. 38% in 2001. This table shows a clear picture of progress in literacy rate in India. †¢ Table: India Literacy rate 1951-2001 Year Literacy Rate(%) 1951 18. 33 1961 28. 30 1971 34. 45 1981 48. 57 1991 52. 21 2001 65. 38 Literacy rate for the decade ending 2001 shows encouraging trends . Gape Between male and female literacy rate: 2001 Literacy- Men Literacy-Female Gape Betwee male and Female literacy Source : Cencus of India , 2001 Literacy rates for the decade ending 2001 shows encouraging trends . During the last decade the gender gape in literacy has also decreased from 24. 84% points in 1991 to 21. 0% points in 2001 . Although the census of 2001 gives us very optimistic picture with regard female literacy . But actually there is still mu ch remains to be done . Because the concept of women empowerment actually fulfill when the gape between male and female literacy will be reduced at grass root level. Generally when we saw the gape between man and women literacy all over India’s state we find that approximately 20% gape in literacy between man and women. We can see this difference clearly through this table— 75. 85% 54. 16% 21. 69% 1991 64. 13% 39. 39% 24. 845 Gap increased 11. 72% 14. 87% Large Diffrence in Male and Female Literacy among the State: National Average :Male-75. 85% , Female-54. 16% State / U. T. Kerala Mizoram Lakshadweep (U. T. ) Goa Delhi (U. T. ) Chandigarh (U. T. ) Pondicherry (U. T. ) Andaman Nicobar (U. T. ) Daman Diu (U. T. ) Maharashtra Himachal Pradesh Tripura Tamil Nadu Uttaranchal Gujarat Punjab Sikkim West Bengal Manipur Haryana Nagaland Karnataka Chhatisgarh Assam Madhya Pradesh Orissa Meghalaya Andhra Pradesh Rajasthan Dadra Nagar Haveli (U. T. ) Uttar Pradesh Arunach al Pradesh Jammu Kashmir Jharkhand Literacy Rate 90. 92 88. 49 87. 52 82. 32 81. 82 81. 76 81. 9 81. 18 81. 09 77. 27 77. 13 73. 66 73. 47 72. 28 69. 97 69. 95 69. 68 69. 22 68. 87 68. 59 67. 11 67. 04 65. 18 64. 28 64. 11 63. 61 63. 31 61. 11 61. 03 60. 03 57. 36 54. 74 54. 46 54. 13 Male Literacy Rate 94. 20 90. 69 93. 15 88. 88 87. 37 85. 65 88. 89 86. 07 88. 40 86. 27 86. 02 81. 47 82. 33 84. 01 80. 50 75. 63 76. 73 77. 58 77. 87 79. 25 71. 77 76. 29 77. 86 71. 93 76. 80 75. 95 66. 14 70. 85 76. 46 73. 32 70. 23 64. 07 65. 75 67. 94 Female Literacy Rate 87. 86 86. 13 81. 56 75. 51 75. 00 76. 65 74. 13 75. 29 70. 37 67. 51 68. 08 65. 41 64. 55 60. 26 58. 60 63. 55 61. 46 60. 22 59. 70 56. 31 61. 92 57. 5 52. 40 56. 03 50. 28 50. 97 60. 41 51. 17 44. 34 42. 99 42. 98 44. 24 41. 82 39. 38 Bihar 47. 53 60. 32 33. 57 Sources: Adapted from information given in figure in figure 17 census of India 2001. Reason of increasing Gap between male and female literacy in India : †¢ Pover ty is attributes as one of the main cause of deprivation of girls from education . They need to either take care of their siblings at home , and do household work and work outside and contribute financially to the family . A recent report on the extent and depth child poverty in the developing world found there be some 135 million children between 7 and 18 years old without any education at all , with girls 60% more likely than boys (16 % compared 10%) to be so â€Å"educationally deprived†. Inadequacy school facilities is another barrier . According to the PROBE report ,44% of the school do not have play ground . 54% of the school did not have drinking water, 72% of the school did not have library ,84% school did not have toilet and 2% of a school have single teacher. Parents are hesitant to send their girls to schools that have only male teacher . Lake of qualified female teacher is a major barrier to girls education . Fear of sexual harassment is another aspect in de terring girls from attending schools and a factor contributing to the high droop out rate . Fixed schooling hours do not suit girls in rural areas ,as they are need for domestic work at home or in farms and fields during these hours. This is one of the cause of the lower participation rates of girls in education. (3) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ CONCLUSION AND SUGESSIONS: At present when we talk about 21st century , and women empowerment , we feel very embarrassing when we see a women in a very itiable condition in our society on the other side we feel very proud when gains highest position represent our nation . If we want to realize women empowerment Firstly we will try to minimize the literacy gap between man and women and give priority to educate a women. So that education plays a crucial role in accelerating the women empowerment . Thus education seen as â€Å"Unique investment† in present and future in reference to Women Empowerment. The National Policy on Education states that Education will be used as driving force of basic change in the status of women in socity . Access and equality are the two most important components to empower women and to facilitate the delivery of social justice to them . If we want to achieve and sustain a high growth rate must have educate women without any discrimination. REFRENCES : †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ (1) Sshay Sushama. , â€Å"Women and Empowerment† Discovering house , New Delhi,1998; Page no. 11 (2)https://www. un. org/popin/taskforce /guide/iatfwemp. gdl. html (3) https://volunteerthoughts. blogspot. com/2005/08/girls -and-wonens-education-inindia. html Sumanthy. M and Nagendran. K. , â€Å"Women Empowerment : Ethics and logics, southern economist ,July 15 2007. ol. 46 Page no. 5-6 Janaki. D . , â€Å"Empowerment of women through education :150 years of university education in India â€Å", University News ,vol44(480 ,Nov27-Dec032006, page no 82-84. Akth ar Najma. , â€Å"Higher education in Future† ,Manak publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi 2000. Das Suranjan. , â€Å"The Higher Education in India and the challenges of Globalization†, Social Science vol. 35,No 3-4 ,March-april 2007. Wixard Kausar and Arya vrat Vijay. , â€Å"Women in Higher Education in the work force :Need to Bridge the Gender Gap, â€Å", University News ,Vol 45(3) ,Dec. 10-16, 2007 . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Women Empowerment Through Education" essay for you Create order

Nursing Theorists - 702 Words

MYRA ESTRIN LEVINE NUR-240 Professional Transitions June 7, 2011 Myra Estrin Levine is known as a Nursing theorist for creating â€Å"The Conservation Model†. Levine obtained a diploma in 1944 and attained her B.S in 1949 and completed M.S.N in 1962 from Wayne State University. She served as a consultant to hospitals and schools of nursing. She also provided a teaching structure for medical-surgical nursing and established â€Å"The Four Conservation Principles†. â€Å"She explicitly linked health to the process of conservation model views health as one of its essential components† (Levine, 1991). The three major concepts of the Conservation Model are 1) wholeness, 2) adaption, and 3) conservation. â€Å"Whole, health, hale all are derivations of the†¦show more content†¦According to Levine â€Å"conservation describes the way complex systems are able to continue to function even when severely challenged† (Levine, 1990, p. 192). She stresses the fact that many nursing interventions can help in promoting the ad aption and thus keeping the wholeness of the individual. There are many areas where Levine’s concepts are still used in the nursing practices today. First being, the primary care given to the patient by the nurse can change their view on the hospitalization as well as the administrative style. Thus providing them with more attention and care they want while satisfying their needs. Secondly, if a patient is familiar and adapted with the hospital environment, he/she will be comfortable in talking with the doctors/nurses with any kind of pain or their own worries about their diseases. Thereby making sure that the patient is in their comfort zone for this to happen be one of the major responsibilities of the nurse. 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Commentary on Two hands Essay Example For Students

Commentary on Two hands Essay The poem Two hands, by Jon Stallworthy compares the hands of the persona with those of his father. The son is the voice of the poem and he describes the difference between his fathers hand and his hand. Although these hands are physically similar, expressed in the line hands so alike spade palms the personalities of owners of the hands, are very different. The title itself, the Two Hands, represents the two different personalities of the father and the son. The son on one hand, appears to be a poet. This is supported in the line; dance with this pencil where the sons hand, similar to his fathers, dances. The difference between the hands however is that the fathers hands are described as dancing when performing operations since he is a surgeon, while the sons hands dance when writing poems. We can already here assume that the persona is the poet himself, mainly because of some clear indications e.g. my father and also since Stallworthy obviously is also a poet. In this poem the son compares his hand with his fathers. The first line itself tells us that the personas father is a person with a job that involves a lot of research and studying. In the next two lines we come to learn that the father is a surgeon by profession. The idea of the father being a surgeon is backed up further by the medical diction; scalpel, stitch and Lancet. Lurking beneath the simple comparing of hands one can find an underlying description of the relationship between the father and the son and their feelings towards each other. The lines fingers with some style | on paper, elsewhere none and I have watched | the other save no one, serve no one, dance with this pencil hints at resentment as if the son feels inferior to his life saving father since he is only a poet. He says that he is only good for writing, not for saving lives or helping people. Also the way the father is described by the son (thirteen times led a scalpel and intricate dance) suggests that the son admires and looks up to his father and that he feels that he, himself, is not good enough. Furthermore the lines Who would have though | hands so alikewould have no more in common and I curse | tonight, at the other end of the house suggest a separation between the father and the son. Stallworthy has deliberately written this other end of the house as a metaphor to show the distance between them, not only physically but also in their behaviour. Stallworthy makes use of several different literary techniques in order to emphasize certain parts of his poem. An example of this can be found in the line that thirteen times where the alliteration of the ts accentuates these words and gives the line a somewhat chatty feeling which contributes to the colloquial manner in which this story is told. The same technique is used in the 1st and 2nd lines to draw together the words study, sits and stiffly and in order to, perhaps use the word stiffly sitting as well as the way the pen nods.  We also see that the persona knows that now he would be under the influence of his father, and feels quite frustrated at being under someones mercy. In his poem, Stallworthy frequently uses enjambment which then is followed by a caesura. An example of this can be found in the lines 9 and 15 where his use of the caesura allows the lines sense to be clear and it also influences the rhythm as to give it a feeling of natural speech. The punctuation, which comes after, then creates a somewhat informal air.  Metaphors are commonly used throughout Stallworthys poem in order to create an intricate mood. .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92 , .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92 .postImageUrl , .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92 , .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92:hover , .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92:visited , .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92:active { border:0!important; } .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92:active , .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92 .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua827e579e2b9de9581f70fe711f88c92:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Consider how Shakespeare crafts Act 3 Scene 5 to appeal to the audience EssayIn the line The phone has sobbed itself to sleep we can find personification (of the phone), assonance (of the os) and onomatopoeia (sobbed) which all together leaves the reader with a both magnificent visual and aural image. Another example of this can be found in the line A spasm shakes the phone at this elbow where the phone again is personified, this time embodied with a spasm. Once more the use of onomatopoeia (spasm) and assonance of the os creates a majestic picture. The use of the same techniques, in these two examples, draws the lines together and somewhat unifies them as if the phone at first has gone to sleep, only to wake up later with a spasm. The poets rhyme scheme is a different one and contains both regular and irregular rhyme. The rhyme is regular in the form A,B,B,A C,D,D,C; except in line 9,12 and 17 where the rhyme is broken which lays special emphasis on these words. Stallworthy has used this rhyme scheme in order to represent and enhance the suppressed and shattered feeling the boy has because of his inferiority complex to his father. Towards the end, in the lines 17-20, the poet has intentionally chosen to weaken the force of the rhyme in order to stress the words and to draw them together. The last line in the poem creates a sense of finality in the personas statement as if he is sure that his father is surely going to leave as soon as he gets a call. The pencil drops: he will be out again. He compares his hand to his fathers to show that his hand is immature and not that capable of doing work as fast as his father does. As he is inexperienced in life and is not as skilled as his father in the job of a surgeon he says that his hand moves slow as compared to this fathers. Over here he just describes his fathers efficiency in work whereas he is under the supervision of his father. To conclude, I feel that it is seen how Stallworthy has captured the mood of an inadequate son, suppressed by his fathers superiority by using several techniques. The regular rhyme which occasionally is shattered in co-operation with the diction and the various literary techniques, contributes to this atmosphere of insecurity. Stallworthy manages to create something we all can recognize; the feeling of being insufficient, not good enough, and not able to reach the expectations of our authority figures.

Tempest Character Analysis Essay Example For Students

Tempest Character Analysis Essay William Shakespeares last play The Tempest is a story about Prospero (the rightful duke of Milan). He is betrayed by his brother Antonio and left on a ship with his daughter Miranda to die. Only things are not going according to plan and Prospero and Miranda arrive on an island. Prospero is seeking his revenge. Coming back from a wedding in Africa a ship containing Prosperos enemies is attacked by the tempest and scatters its passengers about the island. Prospero uses three major character traits throughout the story including being powerful, protective and forgiving that will help him gain his place back in Milan. We will write a custom essay on Tempest Character Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Prospero is a very powerful person and using his spell books he is able to conjure up some mighty magic. Possibly the most powerful thing he controls is Ariel (a spirit). An example of this is when Prospero says Hast thou, spirit, Preformed to point, the tempest I bade thee.(718) Ariel had the power to create a great sea storm and Prospero had the power to control Ariel which gave him great power. Another reason why Prospero is powerful is because of his knowledge of Caliban, Stephano, and Trinculos plot to kill the king. So when Prospero reclaims his place in Milan again hell have some mighty blackmail just incase he needs any favors or they try any thing stupid. This way theyll think twice before going against Prospero. Especially considering that Miranda will become queen. These are the reasons why Prospero is powerful. Prospero is protective of those who are close to him especially Miranda. Throughout The Tempest Prospero slowly makes sure Ferdinands and Mirandas love wont faid quickly. Prospero even called Ferdinand a traitor just to make Miranda seem harder to get. This way the couple wouldnt become a lost cause. When Prospero says They are both in eithers powers. But this swift business I must uneasy make lest too light winning make the prize light (726) he is revealing his true plan to Ariel that he wants to make Miranda harder to get. This is because Prospero feels their love will be stronger if it is harder to obtain. Prospero is also protective when he says the strongest oaths are straw to th fire I th blood(764) this was said to Ferdinand after Prospero makes him promise not to have sex with Miranda before they are married. He is stunned to see that after his promise Ferdinand is playing around with Miranda. Prospero just wont have any of this. This is how Prospero is protective of Miranda. Prospero is a very forgiving man, because near the end of the story he forgives the two people who hurt him the most Antonio and Caliban. An example of this is when he says to Caliban As you look to have my pardon trim it handsomely.(781) Prospero forgives Caliban even though he tries to rape Miranda, turns against Prospero, and tries to kill him. This was especially hurtful, because Prospero raises Caliban like a son. This was probably not as hurtful as the betrayal of Prosperos brother, Antonio. Antonio was the one who casts Miranda and Prospero out on a ship to die. Only they end up on an island for twelve years. Still Prospero forgives Antonio when he says for you most wicked sir, whom to call brother would even infect my mouth I do forgive thy fault all of them.(777) These are the reasons why Prospero is forgiving. Without being powerful, caring, and forgiving Prospero might not have ever gotten off of the island. Even though he must sacrifice his magic his daughters happiness is more important then his revenge. So he forgives his enemies. In the end Ariel is set free, Prospero regains his dukedom, Miranda and Ferdinand are getting married and everyone except Caliban got on the boatswains ship and headed home.

Rembrandt a Religious Painter essays

Rembrandt a Religious Painter essays The beauty of the images moves me to contemplation, as a meadow delights the eyes an subtly infuses the soul with the glory of God. (CCC 1162 found on Art as a form o Christian Meditation http://landru.i-link-2.net/shnyves/Art_in_Meditation.html ) Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn was born on July 15 of the year 1606 in the university city of Leiden. His family was Catholic although his father was the only member of his family who converted from Catholicism to Calvinism in the late 16th century. His parents had 9 children, Rembrandt being the second youngest. At the age of seven, he was sent to the Leiden Latin School to prepare for the university... as his brothers were sent out to learn a trade. This suggests that at an early age Rembrandt showed a more than average intelligence and that his parents were willing to educate him for a profession, very likely as a city administrator. (The new Encyclopedia Britannica 1974) Rembrandt left the Latin School, at 14; he was very well trained in classical literature and a well-trained Latinist. Rembrandt then went to Leiden University were he found that his true love was for painting. His parents then removed him from the University and had him sent to a painter, Mr. Jacob Isaacxsz van Swanenburch. After three years with the painter his father took him to Amsterdam to the painter Pieter Lastman where he became an apprentice. His parents did this because Rembrandt showed more a liking in drawing and painting historical and biblical scenes and images and there was no painter in Leiden who was proficient in religious subjects. 1624 Six months further education at Pieter Lastman in Amsterdam, perhaps also for a short while at Jacob Pynas. (Rembrandts Life- His Biography screendesign.de/remfus.htm) Rembrandt then returned to Leiden to become an independent painter. He then moved to Amsterdam a ...

Free Essays on An Observation

I observed a 4-year old program. A. When I got there they were eating lunch and they all seemed to be very active there were 3 boys that were quite riled up and the teacher handled it by splitting them up and just talking in a quiet voice. They then lined up after eating and emptied their trays and milk cartons and walked to their lockers and put their lunch bags in them, by themselves. When we got to the classroom they had a bit of free play time and I observed quite a bit of sharing and cooperating for the most part. And they all cleaned up after themselves. When the teacher sang the clean up song. They then got out their carpets (pieces of carpet that had their names on the back) and put them on the floor and sat on them waiting for the teacher to start circle time. They did the calendar by having the leader come up and point to the numbers on it and they then told him what number came next. Next they said the days of the week and counted the children. After counting the children the teacher held up owls with a c hild's name on it and the children knew almost all the names by recognizing the letters in the name. After that was all done they read a weekly reader. This was very interesting they were able to pick out the right fire truck on the pages when the teacher said the name of it. And listened very attentively. They then colored and played some more and the ones who were coloring colored firedogs to bring to the fire station with them when they went. I watched as the children played and decided what they wanted to do. Some wanted to play with blocks and others wanted to play house, and they were asking others to play with them. This classroom was very open and not very demanding. I thought that the children had a lot of fun while playing and learned a lot also. Like for instance they learned the important rules of fire safety because the teacher had set up a fire station work area. And also by playing together with blocks or... Free Essays on An Observation Free Essays on An Observation I observed a 4-year old program. A. When I got there they were eating lunch and they all seemed to be very active there were 3 boys that were quite riled up and the teacher handled it by splitting them up and just talking in a quiet voice. They then lined up after eating and emptied their trays and milk cartons and walked to their lockers and put their lunch bags in them, by themselves. When we got to the classroom they had a bit of free play time and I observed quite a bit of sharing and cooperating for the most part. And they all cleaned up after themselves. When the teacher sang the clean up song. They then got out their carpets (pieces of carpet that had their names on the back) and put them on the floor and sat on them waiting for the teacher to start circle time. They did the calendar by having the leader come up and point to the numbers on it and they then told him what number came next. Next they said the days of the week and counted the children. After counting the children the teacher held up owls with a c hild's name on it and the children knew almost all the names by recognizing the letters in the name. After that was all done they read a weekly reader. This was very interesting they were able to pick out the right fire truck on the pages when the teacher said the name of it. And listened very attentively. They then colored and played some more and the ones who were coloring colored firedogs to bring to the fire station with them when they went. I watched as the children played and decided what they wanted to do. Some wanted to play with blocks and others wanted to play house, and they were asking others to play with them. This classroom was very open and not very demanding. I thought that the children had a lot of fun while playing and learned a lot also. Like for instance they learned the important rules of fire safety because the teacher had set up a fire station work area. And also by playing together with blocks or...

Assessing Materiality and Risk Simulation Case Study

Assessing Materiality and Risk Simulation - Case Study Example Investors are attracted to companies that have large profits and high dividends repayment. The company management utilizes audit information when making company strategies. Information about profits, losses, and market share help company managers make critical decisions regarding business processes (Boynton & Johnson, 2006). Materiality is the measure of the quantity and quality of item misstatement in a financial report. An audit statement enables the auditor to determine whether auditing has been carried out according to the financial reporting framework. Company items that have no effect on the judgment of the user of the financial statement can be omitted. Important items that affect the users’ judgment require auditor attention. The auditor must allocate materiality to sampled items in order to ensure some accounts are not ignored or under weighted. During auditing, only accounts that matter are audited, and materiality is attached after sampling. Every company has established materiality standards aimed at identifying misstatements in audit reports. Sampled accounts are checked against the set standards to determine the quantity of misstatement (Boynton & Johnson,

Argument essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Argument - Essay Example scribes the preference given by educational institutions to certain applicants on the basis of their familial relationship to alumni of that institution. There is a long history of legacy admissions at American universities and colleges. Ivy League institutions such as Yale, Harvard etc. are estimated to admit 10% to 15% of freshmen based upon this factor. (Lexington). Harvard actually has special levels of legacy preference, methodically and elaborately distorting its standards on behalf of its alumni. The family of middle-class alumni enjoys a modest edge; the children of major donors receive double preference in the case of admissions. (Daniel Golden) This fact is confirmed by national surveys conducted by American Association of College Registrars and Admission Officers showing that legacy admissions are made at both public and private institutions. Also supporting are the statistics that show the percentages of legacies in different colleges that are definitely more than affirmative action admissions- Notre Dame 23%, Harvard 11%, University of Pennsylvania 14%, Princeton 11% and University of Virginia 11%. (Howell & Turner) Colleges should not give any preference to those who are more likely to have other socioeconomic advantages anyway, such as the children of alumni. Admissions should be made strictly on the ground of merit and exceptions should be made only on morally acceptable grounds such as talent and underprivileged class or race etc. A great example of the injustice of the legacy system is George W. Bush who was admitted at Yale in 1964 with an average grade of C and SAT verbal score of 566 just because he was a third generation legacy. How do you justify that? His admission and of those like him reduces the admission chances of meritous students who expend enormous effort in getting good grades or honing special talents this practice also uses up seats reserved for affirmative action admissions of blacks and others. Affirmative action refers to

Women’s Influence on the Development of David Lurie’s Character (Coetzee, 1999) Essay Example for Free

Women’s Influence on the Development of David Lurie’s Character (Coetzee, 1999) Essay Lurie’s own conclusion motivated this examination of the influence of women on his character: â€Å"The truth is, he had never had much of an eye for rural life, despite all his reading of Wordsworth.   Not much of an eye for anything except pretty girls, and where has that got him?† (p. 218). Of course, the question of â€Å"where† is rhetorical, but the question of why the persona of the scholar no longer allowed him to indulge his â€Å"eye forpretty girls† was the central question in a novel focusing   on changes in South Africa since 1994, when Apartheid ended. The â€Å"scholar† with an Eye for Pretty Girls As the only boy in a house of loving women, whom he, in turn, loved, Lurie recognized that becoming a handsome young man made it easy for him to find responsive women (p. 7).   Based on his age in 1999, 52 years, his age for choosing a career was in the late 1960s, when South African white society was similar to societies in the United States and Western European democracies at an earlier time. Consider the kind of career which would not only permit an obviously well-educated and intelligent young man to pursue his main interest in pretty girls,† but also would enhance his ability to do so.   Lurie probably would not have been consciously aware of such a goal.   However, there are decisions that are influenced by unconscious motives (Hunt Ellis, 2004). In South Africa, when Lurie chose a career, the persona of a â€Å"scholar† at universities and colleges was esteemed and brought a life of privilege.   In a satire on academia that unintentionally mirrored Lurie’s approach, anthropologist Ashley Montagu (1959) advised young academics in the United States to â€Å"remember that your progress in Academe will depend not so much on your intellectual abilities than upon your skill as a personality that is, in the skill of displaying few assets in a convincing manner† (p. 10), where â€Å"a want of original ideas constitutes not the least impediment to productive publication† (p. 23). Lurie, after â€Å"a career stretching back a quarter of a centurypublished three books† (Coetzee, 1999, p. 4) he knew were uninspired and recognized he had â€Å"never been much of a teacher† (p. 4).   However, until Apartheid ended in 1994, the persona of a â€Å"scholar† was perfect for one who actually had only an interest in â€Å"pretty girls† (p. 218).   As an attractive man in an esteemed profession, â€Å"for decades the backbone of his life† was a result of a â€Å"magnetism [where looking] at a woman in a certain way, with a certain intent, she would return his look† (p. 7). The Women in Lurie’s Life The little we know of Lurie’s first wife was revealed only in response to a question about her, a brief response that she was Dutch and returned to Holland after her divorce.   We don’t know how he felt when he married her, but what seemed a genuine indifference and lack of interest suggested she was not an important influence on the development of his character. We know that he and his second wife, Rosalind, experienced passion: â€Å"His best memories [were of] Rosalind’s long, pale body thrashing this way and that in the throes of a pleasure that was hard to tell from pain† (p. 187).   He believed that â€Å"what held them together [was only that they were] two sensualists† (p. 187). However, regardless of her sensuality and of how old she might have been, she clearly would not have been described as a â€Å"pretty girl† but as a confident and independent woman who both had a mind and did not hesitate to express her thoughts.   Her influence on David’s character might have been in his developing the ability to have non-sexual relationships with adult women, as evidenced by his post-divorce relationship with her. Regarding Lurie’s own belief about the influence of women on his character, he concluded that he was â€Å"enriched† by each of the hundreds of women in a life consisting of sex with â€Å"women he has known on two continents, some from far away in time that he barely recognizes them† (p. 192).   Readers cannot know how each or any of the women â€Å"enriched† his life, but his choices were varied.   Before Apartheid, â€Å"pretty girls† who were his students were easily seduced because â€Å"scholars† still were held in awe. When black African students gained access to college educations, their experiences had not led them to idolize any white males, an attitude that spread to other students. When the demand for courses that could be applied in jobs after college was met, Lurie’s institution, Cape Town University College, became â€Å"Cape Technical University,† and instead of being â€Å"a professor of modern languages,† he became â€Å"a professor of communications† (p. 7).   With less access to young students, his â€Å"women† ranged from prostitutes to the unattractive, middle-aged country woman Bev, he described as â€Å"almost waistless, like a squat little tub† (p. 149). If one uses imagery in reading this novel, such scenes take on a comic tone.   Another example of visualization resulting in a scene turning comic occurred while Lurie actually was demonstrating a passion in creating a work of art as he wrote an opera about Teresa, the beautiful young countess who had been in love with Lord Byron. In the opera, he depicted Teresa years after Byron’s death when she had become unattractive, looking â€Å"more like a peasant . . . than an aristocrat† (p. 181), relentlessly singing â€Å"mio Byron† (p. 183), resulting in comic imagery.   The comic element was enhanced because While Lurie did know that Byron did not feel about Teresa as she thought he did, Coetzee did not write what he must have known Byron wrote to a friend about his embarrassment when Teresa called â€Å"out to me ‘mio Byron’ in an audible key† (1819/2009).   Sadly, Lurie himself came to realize that the opera was â€Å"going nowhere. There is no action, no development [and he] has not the musical resources, the resources of energy to raise [the opera] off the monotonous track on which it has been running since the start† (p. 214). Despite the comic imagery elicited when Lurie had sex with Bev, his relationship with her did influence his character.   In working with Bev (at first to satisfy his daughter) at the clinic where there was no choice but to kill pathetic, unwanted animals, he became able to form unselfish relationships with the animals. Earlier in his life, one event clearly did influence the development of Lurie’s character, the event of becoming a father.   The first interactions in the novel between Lurie and his daughter, Lucy, made one conclude that the one unselfish relationship he had as a young man was the father/daughter one that began with Lucy’s birth.   (It was not possible to find a reason for Coetzee’s obviously non-coincidental decision to have Lurie choose the name used in a series of rustic, romantic poems by the poet of Lurie’s academic specialty, Wordsworth, 1798-1801/2009.) Her brutal rape by black men (representing not racism, but Coetzee’s depiction of the after-effects of ending Apartheid) most certainly shook him out of his lassitude, but did not influence his character in the sense that his obviously unselfish concern for her well-being and his efforts to protect her after the rape were not unexpected. In general, however, Lurie’s character did not seem to change very much since the time he was a young man.   Toward the end of the novel, after he was not permitted to watch Melanie in a performance, his behavior demonstrated the character he had from the beginning.   After having sex with a young prostitute, he feels â€Å"contented†:   â€Å"So this is all it takes, he thinks.   How could I ever have forgotten it?† (p. 194).   Perhaps the most interesting question about the novel was how Coetzee was able to make an essentially superficial man into a complex, absorbing, and sympathetic anti-hero. References Byron, G. G. (1819).   Lord Byron’s letters and journals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jeffrey D. Hoeper (Ed.).   Retrieved March 17, 2009,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from www.engphil.astate.edu/gallery/byron.html. Coetzee, J. M. (1999).   Disgrace.   New York: Penguin. Hunt, R. R., Reed, H. C. (2004).   Fundamentals of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   cognitive psychology.   New York: McGraw-Hill. Montagu, A. (1959).   Up the ivy.   New York: Hawthorn. Wordsworth, W. (1798-1801).   Lucy.   Retrieved March 17,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2009, from www.poetry.archive.com/w/lucy/html.

Obsession in Vladimir Nabokovs Lolita Essay -- Nabokov Lolita Essays

Obsession in Lolita      Ã‚  Ã‚   The relationship between Humbert Humbert and Lolita is no doubt a unique one. Many people who read the novel argue that it is based on "lust", but others say that Humbert really is in "love" with Lolita. However, there is some astounding evidence that Humbert has an obsessional-compulsive disorder with Lolita. The obsession is clearly illustrated when Humbert's actions and behavior are compared to the experts' definitions and descriptions of obsession. In many passages, Humbert displays obsessional tendencies through his descriptive word choice and his controlling personality. Many people are obsessive, so this is not an alien subject. We see it everyday in the entertainment industry as well as in everyday life. Comparing Humbert Humbert to clinical and other definitions, it seems as if Humbert is one person who is an obsessed person.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Obsession is a tricky topic because it is hard to come up with a concrete definition. Who decides what obsession is? Where does one draw the line between obsession and deep admiration? According to S. Jack Rachman, "an obsession is an intrusive, repetitive thought, image, or impulse that is unacceptable or unwanted and gives rise to subjective resistance" (2). In addition, Andrew Brink states that "...the popular meaning of the term obsession, including the new verb 'to May 2 obsess', which means to be persistently preoccupied about something, usually an unsatisfactory relationship" (195). Both of these definitions are fairly similar, so now it is important to look at Humbert's actions and analyze how he fits into these defined categories.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First, Brink argues that most people, especially men, have an obsessiona... ...aracter, but he is not abnormal. We have many Humberts running around our world, regardless of if we realize it or not. Nabokov, a man not too distant from Humbert, found a way to rationalize his obsession through Lolita - indeed an artistic and creative move on his part.    WORKS CITED Beech, H. R. Obsessional States. London: Methuen & Co. LTD, 1974. Brink, Andrew. Obsession and Culture: A Study of Sexual Obsession in Modern Fiction. London: Associated University Presses, Inc., 1996. Nabokov, Vladamir. The Annotated Lolita. New York: Vintage Books, 1991. Ostling, Richard N. A Fatal Obsession with the Stars.à ¤ Time. 31 July 1989: 43-44. Rachman, S. Jack. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Psychological and Pharmacological Treatment. New York: Plenum Press, 1985. Salzman, Leon. The Obsessive Personality. New York: Science House, 1968.

Freak the Mighty Essay

Freak the Mighty is a story about the power of a true friendship. Freak and Max are two boys who were so different, and yet had much in common with one another. Freak as well as Max both had limitations and this helped them to become friends. They both run into problems, but together they are â€Å"Freak the Mighty, slaying dragons, rescuing fair maidens, and walking high above the world. † There are differences between Freak and Max. Max is big and tall, a slow thinker, and runs away from his problems. Freak is small, smart, and tries very hard to be brave. There are similarities between the two boys, both have a disability, both do not known their dads, and both are in fear of something. In the story it shows how Max is afraid of joining life here on Earth and Freak is afraid of leaving life here on Earth. Max handles this fear by staying quiet and giving in to people when they bother him and Freak deals with his fear by convincing himself that he will be saved by receiving bionic body parts. Main Events: Freak the Mighty finds Loretta’s purse and gives it to her. Max murdering dad kidnaps him and Freak saves him by spraying a liquid at him from his water gun. Freak gets very ill and goes into the hospital. Conclusion: In the story Max was so busy rescuing adventures, treasure hunting, and slaying dragons that he did not even realize that he already had begun living life. Freak realizes that he will die, but knows that he will stay alive through Max’s story of his and Max’s adventures. When Freak dies, Max feels as if he lost a part of himself because they were friends. Loretta gives Max hope after Freak dies by telling him â€Å"nothing is a drag. Think about it! † 1 Fact and 1 Opinion One fact is that this book is for anybody to read because it shares the story about people with disabilities and what they have to go through in their lives. My opinion is that everyone in school should be made to read this book because it might help them know what people that are different from them is going through.

This Way to the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen

â€Å"It is that very hope that makes people go without a murmur to the gas chambers, keeps them from risking revolt, paralyses them into numb inactivity†¦ hope that breaks family ties, makes mothers renounce their children, or wives sell their bodies for bread, or husbands to kill. † (122) â€Å"This Way to the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen† by Tadeusz Borowski displays how survival and death have a close relationship. With an absence of morality Tedeusz becomes a key component to the executor’s effort. The overturn of values and an uncertain hope by the personal view of Tedeusz reflects on how the civilization as a whole is suffocated by Nazi control. It is essential to endure these issues in order to survive. The narrator Tedeusz slides into survival mode with a unique role in the camp, he witnesses and describes the complexity of survival and hope in the camp. He arrives at Auschwitz as a â€Å"political† prisoner when the policy on extermination changes, three weeks earlier â€Å"Aryans† stopped being sent to the gas chambers, with that he wedges himself in the middle of the hierarchy. With that, he does not live as a prisoner and does not endure the daily tasks as bad as most. He becomes one of the experienced, well-adjusted, completely institutionalized inmates. For him everything is a matter of sheer practicality, and people who refuse to cooperate with the necessary politics of camp life deserve not pity but contempt. The Canada men â€Å"carry [the babies] like chickens† (116), showing their surrender to the system of the Nazis. He is a victim collaborating in crime; immunized against the evil that surrounds him; able to find a fairly comfortable situation. His tone is one of moral indifference; he views the murdered people and the ones dying of starvation from a distance, without compassion, with scorn even. In â€Å"Auschwitz, Our Home,† one of the short stories in the collection, the narrator exclaims, â€Å"Never before in the history of mankind has hope been stronger than man, but never also has it done so much harm as it has in this war, in this concentration camp. We were never taught how to give up hope, and this is why today we perish in gas chambers. â€Å"(122) He is confronted by a world where the future is unknown. It plants an insightful thought of the working world. The writing portrays in such a brutally honest tone it forces us to confront the world and our understanding of human nature. In Auschwitz the odds are against survival what happens when we are confronted by a world where a future is not certain. We are asked to reaffirm our beliefs and the foundation for our beliefs. Does hope motivate us to action, or in essence of the text, does it paralyze our belief system and make us less likely to act for survival? Some characters that came off the trains showed yes some showed no. One character in particular bravely makes a decision right from the train. â€Å".. And over there is the gas chamber: communal death, disgusting and ugly. And over in the other direction is the concentration camp†¦ more hideous, more terrible than death†¦ I know, she says with a shade of proud contempt†¦ She walks off resolutely in the direction of the trucks. † This is a dignified act; she is unafraid to stand up for her values. On the contrary, a woman is numbed by the choice she must make, â€Å"She is young, healthy, good-looking, she wants to live. But the child runs after her, wailing loudly: ‘Mama, mama don’t leave me! ’† (43), she sacrifices her morals for a hope of survival with a tragic innate act. The novel also exhibits how hope gets in the way for survival. Every aspect of civilization is devalued so that everyone is under the same system created by the Nazis. Incomers remind the prisoners of their lost values and show a glimpse of the outside world, they are then treated with resentment and disgust. The Nazis and the prisoners feel better than the incomers and quickly reject them and their system of values in forms of anger. The Canada men â€Å"brutally tear suitcases from their hands, impatiently pull of their coats† (118). As a â€Å"woman reaches down quickly to pick up her handbag. A whip flies, the woman screams, stumbles, and falls† (115) the narrator says, â€Å"I don't know why, but I am furious, simply furious with these people-furious because I must be here because of them. I feel no pity. I am not sorry they're going to the gas chamber. † (116) the prisoners feel anger toward the incomers because â€Å"the easiest way to relieve your hate is to turn against someone weaker. † (116) Even the prisoners feel no sympathy for the incomers because the outside and inside worlds of the camp do not mix; only one world can exist. Since a civilization is based on pure values, these values must be united as one. â€Å"If the dead are wrong and the living are always right, everything is finally justified; but the story of Borowski’s life and that which he wrote about Auschwitz show that the dead are right, and not the living. † (26) To endure the derailed moral value in the camp, one must live in savagely, in each present moment and with faith to survive. By way of justification and structure Tedeusz and others learn that survival and death are in close association.

Free Essays on Latin Women Pray Vs. Journey Of The Magi

â€Å"The Grumbling Believers† Religion is a very controversial issue in every race, time, and generation. Whether someone â€Å"believes† or not is always an issue in everyday life for many people. In â€Å"Latin Women Pray† by Judith Ortiz Cofer, the writer is looking upon religious customs as a type of joke. Similarly in T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Journey of the Magi†, the speaker is grumbling about a trip that he once made. When comparing these two poems, one can notice a very distinct difference, yet both poems are negative towards religion. Both speakers of the poem had a bad or somewhat confusing confrontation with their religious beliefs and in the end are either confused or mad about the conclusion. How can someone be so grumpy about religion or God altogether? Maybe the speakers had a bad experience which drove them to believe this way or they could be struggling with some new found hope. Although both poems discuss religion, the tone, imagery, and purpose are very differe nt from each other. The tone in â€Å"Journey of the Magi† is a complaining yet determined one. The speaker of the poem is a man who took a journey to see the Christ child. He speaks well of the infant child he traveled very far to see, but he seems somewhat hesitant to say that it was an overall good experience. The speaker tells of all the negative things that happened during his trip. He tells of the grumbling camel men, his sore feet, and the bad weather. He never mentions the pretty views or the Christ child in a positive way. The only mention of the child is â€Å"-feet kicking in empty wine-skins.† It seems that the speaker harbors some sort of bitterness. On the other hand, in the third stanza he admits, â€Å"I would do it again†. Meaning that he would make the terrible journey that he so roughly speaks about again, just to see the infant. Similarly the tone in â€Å"Latin Women Pray† is negative also. The speaker, which I gathered to... Free Essays on Latin Women Pray Vs. Journey Of The Magi Free Essays on Latin Women Pray Vs. Journey Of The Magi â€Å"The Grumbling Believers† Religion is a very controversial issue in every race, time, and generation. Whether someone â€Å"believes† or not is always an issue in everyday life for many people. In â€Å"Latin Women Pray† by Judith Ortiz Cofer, the writer is looking upon religious customs as a type of joke. Similarly in T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Journey of the Magi†, the speaker is grumbling about a trip that he once made. When comparing these two poems, one can notice a very distinct difference, yet both poems are negative towards religion. Both speakers of the poem had a bad or somewhat confusing confrontation with their religious beliefs and in the end are either confused or mad about the conclusion. How can someone be so grumpy about religion or God altogether? Maybe the speakers had a bad experience which drove them to believe this way or they could be struggling with some new found hope. Although both poems discuss religion, the tone, imagery, and purpose are very differe nt from each other. The tone in â€Å"Journey of the Magi† is a complaining yet determined one. The speaker of the poem is a man who took a journey to see the Christ child. He speaks well of the infant child he traveled very far to see, but he seems somewhat hesitant to say that it was an overall good experience. The speaker tells of all the negative things that happened during his trip. He tells of the grumbling camel men, his sore feet, and the bad weather. He never mentions the pretty views or the Christ child in a positive way. The only mention of the child is â€Å"-feet kicking in empty wine-skins.† It seems that the speaker harbors some sort of bitterness. On the other hand, in the third stanza he admits, â€Å"I would do it again†. Meaning that he would make the terrible journey that he so roughly speaks about again, just to see the infant. Similarly the tone in â€Å"Latin Women Pray† is negative also. The speaker, which I gathered to...

Element Abundance of the Universe

Element Abundance of the Universe The element composition of the universe is calculated by analyzing the light that is emitted and absorbed from stars, interstellar clouds, quasars,  and other objects. The Hubble telescope greatly expanded our understanding of the composition of galaxies and gas in the intergalactic space between them. About 75% of the universe is believed to consist of dark energy and dark matter, which are different from the atoms and molecules that make up the everyday world around us. Thus, the composition of most of the universe is far from understood. However, spectral measurements of stars, dust clouds, and galaxies tell us the elemental composition of the portion that consists of normal matter. Most Abundant Elements in the Milky Way Galaxy This is a table of elements in the Milky Way, which is similar in composition to other galaxies in the universe. Keep in mind, elements represent matter as we understand it. Much more of the galaxy consists of something else! Element Element Number Mass Fraction (ppm) hydrogen 1 739,000 helium 2 240,000 oxygen 8 10,400 carbon 6 4,600 neon 10 1,340 iron 26 1,090 nitrogen 7 960 silicon 14 650 magnesium 12 580 sulfur 16 440    Most Abundant Element in the Universe Right now, the most abundant element in the universe is hydrogen. In stars, hydrogen fuses into helium. Eventually, massive stars (around 8 times more massive than our Sun) run through their supply of hydrogen. Then, the core of helium contracts, supplying enough pressure to fuse two helium nuclei into carbon. Carbon fuses into oxygen, which fuses into silicon and sulfur. Silicon fuses into iron. The star runs out of fuel and goes supernova, releasing these elements back into space. So, if helium fuses into carbon you may be wondering why oxygen is the third most abundant element and not carbon. The answer is because the stars in the universe today are not first generation stars! When newer stars form, they already contain more than just hydrogen. This time around, stars fuse hydrogen according to whats known as the C-N-O cycle (where C is carbon, N is nitrogen, and O is oxygen). A carbon and helium can fuse together to form oxygen. This happens not just in massive stars, but also in stars like the Sun once it enters its red giant phase. Carbon really comes out behind when a type II supernova occurs, because these stars undergo carbon fusion into oxygen with almost perfect completion! How Element Abundance Will Change in the Universe We wont be around to see it, but when the universe is thousands or millions times older than it is now, helium may overtake hydrogen as the most abundant element (or not, if enough hydrogen remains out in space to far from other atoms to fuse). After a much longer time, its possible oxygen and carbon may become the first and second most abundant elements! Composition of the Universe So, if ordinary elemental matter doesnt account for most of the universe, what does its composition look like? Scientists debate this subject and revise percentages when new data becomes available. For now, the matter and energy composition is believed to be: 73% Dark Energy: Most of universe seems to consist of something we know next to nothing about. Dark energy probably doesnt have mass, yet matter and energy are related.22% Dark Matter: Dark matter is stuff that doesnt emit radiation in any wavelength of the spectrum. Scientists are unsure what, exactly, dark matter is. It has not be observed or created in a lab. Right now, the best bet is that its cold dark matter, a substance consisting of particles comparable to neutrinos, yet much more massive.4% Gas: Most of the gas in the universe is hydrogen and helium, found between stars (interstellar gas). Ordinary gas does not emit light, although it does scatter it. Ionized gases glow, but not brightly enough to compete with the light of stars. Astronomers use infrared, x-ray, and radio telescopes to image this matter.0.04% Stars: To human eyes, it appears the universe is full of stars. Its amazing to realize they account for such a small percentage of our reality.0.3% Neutrinos: Neutrinos are tiny, electrically neutral particles that travel at near light speed. 0.03% Heavy Elements: Only a tiny fraction of the universe consists of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. Over time this percentage will grow.

Social Research & Think Tank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Research & Think Tank - Essay Example any organizations cooperate in a network to accomplish the development of projects whose objectives fostering social research in order to improve the efficiency of a diverse range of organizations. The Work Foundation is a non-profit organization that brings the different perspectives of working organizations together to find the best way of improving both economic performance and quality of life (Theworkfoundation, 2008). Think Tanks take advantage of the services provided by The Work Foundation to provide them with networking capabilities in different locations around the world. The purpose of the Institute and Policy Research is to establish international and domestic policies for different aspects of societal issues such as women’s right, protection for the disabled and national policies to fight world hunger. The establishment of policies is important since they provide guidelines to establish ways to solve social problems. A third important organization that can help the work perform by a social researcher in Think Tank is the Freedom Foundation. The primary goal of the Freedom Foundation is to solve three particular social problems: alcoholism, drug addiction and the fight against AIDS (Thefreedomfoundation, 2008). An aspiring to become a social researcher or somebody already in the game must understand that social research can extend to different social dimension in order to find the root of the problem. Cooperation is essential in social research since the investigator needs the assistance of other entities in order to obtain the data and information needed to create a qualitative or quantitative model to effectively attack a particular social dilemma. The Think Tank operations around the world can become more effective if its networking capabilities are expand by utilizing social research to establish the key alliances needed to obtain greater sources of databases with key social information that can be used to further investigated social areas in

Implications of Globalization and Technology on Negotiation Essay

Implications of Globalization and Technology on Negotiation - Essay Example Our world is dynamic in nature and it has become more advanced with the boom in technology and rapid globalization. The basic aim behind globalization is to promote and increase the trading exercises among different countries. This leads to the equal distribution of material wealth, goods and services which enhances the remarkable growth in overall structure of the economy in any country. Furthermore, it also helps in building sound international relations as well as competition at different levels among different countries. Globalization has left its deep effects on regional economies, trading activities, policies, societies and cultures. It has given a new definition to terms such as communication, trade and transportation. It has been commonly thought that factors like technology, economy, politics and other socio-cultural have played an important role in coining the term known to the world now as â€Å"globalization†. We cannot underestimate the importance of technology in today’s world of extreme modernization and advancement. Technology has played a vital role on the horizons of business and more specifically it has left its deeper impacts on international business. But how globalization and technology have their impact on negotiations and what changes are brought about by both of them? It is worth mentioning that globalization has given rise to tough international competition and in today’s world of advancement it has become a game of the survival for many growing economies and more specifically economies of the third-world countries are already considered as under-threat by such tough competition with technology as a second most important element collaborating directly in this game of survival . (Stroper, 1992). The implication of globalization and technology on negotiations can be explained by a very

The evaluation of the consequence to the UK economy for raising or Dissertation

The evaluation of the consequence to the UK economy for raising or lowering the inheritance tax rate - Dissertation Example Taxes are considered as the main revenue source of governments. The evolution of imposing taxes dates back during periods when most governments lack stability and structure. The main purpose of imposing taxes is to fund public spending and is supported by laws and statutes. In most countries, taxes are imposed on revenues obtained by firms and earning individuals. Other forms of taxes such as tariffs, and dues have further expanded the revenue generation activities of governments. The role that taxation plays is critical especially economies that are dependent on taxes. The imposition of taxes is also viewed as one of the ways that balances wealth inequity in countries and ensure better provision of social services. Income taxes serve as the main contributor to the total tax collections made by governments. But other forms of taxes such as sin taxes and estate taxes are also contributing to the coffers of governments. Inheritance taxes have become a popular form of tax in recent times because individuals have learned to invest in both properties and securities. The transfer of wealth because of death provides opportunities for the government to gain more revenues. The existence of inheritance taxes has been subjected to several debates in the United Kingdom. The past three administrations have been also contemplating on reforming the inheritance tax laws. The budget of the government is highly dependent on the amount of tax collected each year. There are countries that develop new taxes just to meet collection targets and prevent the states from running on a budget deficit. The succeeding discussions will tackle the impact of inheritance tax in an economy specifically focusing on macro-economic indicators and statistics. 1.1. Objectives of the Study The primary purpose of the dissertation is to explore on the effects of the increase

Poetry Explication Essay Example for Free

Poetry Explication Essay Sir Walter Raleigh (1552-1618) was called a â€Å"silver poet of his time because of the way he did not conform to the poet writing style of the Renaissance era. He became fairly popular with Queen Elizabeth I and was knighted in 1585. But he fell out of her good graces when he secretly married ladies without her permission. The queen locked him in the Tower of London for some time, and while he was locked up he was writing poetry. He was ultimately arrested and executed in 1618 to appease the Spanish government for some ransacking that his men did on one of their voyages through America. His works are everything from plain to somber and that is one of the main things that made him a great poet. The Nymph’s Reply  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd† by Sir Walter Raleigh has many themes and interpretations. The poem describes love and time, but the most important thing that I think it describes is â€Å"Carpe Diem† or seizing the day. The poem is a response to Christopher Marlowe’s â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love†. Marlowe’s poem describes a shepherd trying to win over the one he loves by promising her all of these earthly things, but Raleigh’s poem is the woman seemingly denying the shepherd’s advances and saying that all of the earthly things that he promised will all eventually pass away and be forgotten. The Nymph says that the only way we can be together is if youth lasted forever and their passionate love knew no time. I believe that the theme of this poem is carpe diem and the poetic elements that support that are alliteration, visual imagery, and situational irony. The first element that helps describes Carpe Diem is in the poem is alliteration. Raleigh’s use of alliteration really helps get his points across to the reader and helps the transactions be smoother. Like in the line, â€Å"These pretty pleasures might me move† (1224), Raleigh uses alliteration to almost mock the shepherd’s advances on the nymph. And also in the line, â€Å"Time drives the flocks from field to fold† (1224), Raleigh  uses alliteration to help to say that time changes everything. That is the reason why alliteration supports the theme of Carpe Diem. The only way the Nymph will accept the shepherd’s love is if they forever live in the present where they are young and passionate. The nymph does not want earthly things that will wither or sour throughout time, but rather she wants things to be eternal and stay fresh. These examples are a perfect form of Carpe Diem, and that is why alliteration helps get the main point across to the reader. The next poetic element that helps represent Carpe Diem in the poem is the imagery, more specifically the visual imagery. Raleigh uses imagery to help support Carpe Diem by showing the disadvantages of time. He shows the readers how moods change with the seasons, flowers will wither, and things grow old all through imagery. Like in the lines, â€Å"Thy cap, thy kirtle, and thy posies Soon break, soon wither, soon forgotten† (1224-1225), Raleigh helps the reader see the flowers withering through time. He even does so well as to put images in the reader’s mind of things fading away and being forgotten. When Raleigh uses imagery to diminish time he is also using it to uplift Carpe Diem at the same time. And that is how imagery helps support the theme of Carpe Diem. The final poetic element that helps support the theme of Carpe Diem is irony. And the specific irony used in the poem is situational irony. The sense of helplessness by the shepherd is apparent throughout the poem. The shepherd has to listen to the nymph deny all the things he promised her, and tell him that the only way that they can be together forever is if they can stay young forever. This is why it is situational irony because there is nothing the shepherd can do so that he and the nymph can live young forever. The best he can give her is Carpe Diem and try to live in the now while the passion is still fresh, but ultimately they could never be together forever. This sense of situational irony is why it is a perfect example of Carpe Diem. In conclusion the poem itself really displayed strong cultural values of its time period. It showed that during the time of romanticism Carpe Diem was a big thing back then. It was a great poem with many key points and I enjoyed  reading it.

Gay-Consumer-Capitalism :: Essays Papers

Gay-Consumer-Capitalism Politics of a subject-action-object formula have meaningful terms insofar as the terms relate to each other. This holds at several levels beyond the strict sense that the triad requires three parts. It can also be the case that the three parts are all expressions of one, or that all three are parts of some absent presence. In Nicola Field’s criticism of a Queer Valentine’s Carnival in London in 1993, and of gay identity and lifestyle as bases for politics in general, a Marxist analysis reduces the subject and action to properties of the object against which they act. At this level, the theoretical move has little justification but the strategy employed at a lower level. However, understanding an argument at this level opens the critical possibility of both disturbing the tendons holding together fixed relations to the object and exploring the ability of the object to bear the weight of the other two terms. I will deploy this criticism in the instance of Field†™s Over the Rainbow, specifically in â€Å"Identity and the Lifestyle Market†, but the argument presented therein exceeds the methodology I have identified and I intend to reinforce the constructive thinking that takes place, but still in the context of this paradigm for (counter)criticism. Field’s argument in â€Å"Identity and the Lifestyle Market† simultaneously takes ‘capitalism’ too seriously and fails to take constructed identities seriously enough, but still raises significant points for political encounters with capitalism, (homosexual) oppression, and identity itself. To begin with, Field’s argument runs a familiar Marxist course from capitalism as historical or present source of all problems to a tool of politics (used against that problem) back to the tool’s association with capitalism. Capitalism causes oppression and identities of sexuality, thus using identities of sexuality endorses capitalism because it is from capitalism. â€Å"The politics of identity are about bypassing the roots of oppression and concentrating on the symptoms† (Field 51). While the phrase ‘roots of oppression’ does not appear in every paragraph, a reference to the â€Å"real causes† of â€Å"the problem† is woven through every significant political argument of the article. This strategically obfuscates what â€Å"the problem† really is by seeming to refer so much to â€Å"it† that Field’s never elucidates a full understanding, except to mention those instances of oppression that support her argumen ts. What about cases of oppression, pain, and suffering other than worker’s exploitation?

Pros and Cons of a Military School Essay

By Jenna Brooklyn There are many positive benefits for your teenager should they attend a military school. But, like most things in life, there can be a downside as well. Here is a report explaining what’s good and bad about study in a military high school. To start with if your teen is in trouble with serious health issues or a major attitude problem, they stand little or no chance of being accepted. Military schools today set very high academic standards. They are not therapy centers for kids with problems. Two of their major goals are to produce students able to enter prestigious colleges and/or join the military. If your child is a clever but lazy student, a military school has much to offer. There is a packed academic program with compulsory and supervised homework and extra study sessions. But if your child is not strong academically they may struggle to match the high expectations. Discipline is a major part of a military environment. If your teen is lazy and disrespectful they will get a serious jolt in a military school. They will be out of bed at 0600 hours, they will make their bed and tidy their possessions, and they will be on the parade ground and exercising before breakfast. This type of lifestyle could change your teen’s attitude to life. Of course a military school is a residential facility and while students are allowed to attend approved activities in the local town, things like taking a part-time job in the grocery store are simply not an option. There is a full extra-curricula program at a military school with plenty of time for artistic pursuits and outdoor education. This means your child is getting an all-round education and enjoying their schooling at the same time. Opportunities for leadership roles are many and varied in a military education. If your child requires a challenge and enjoys being a leader, they will develop their talents and be truly extended in such a school. It is ideal for developing the total person. If as a parent you are looking to a military school to mollycoddle your child, you will be disappointed. It’s much more a shape up or ship out approach from the school. If your child chooses to disobey and fails to complete tasks, the school will not spend a great deal of time and effort in whipping them into line. The student may be expelled. A military school wants excellent results from its students and those who won’t or can’t perform are likely to be shown the door. Those who do work hard are sure to be well rewarded and for life. College entrance is likely and if a career in the military is required, this type of secondary education is perfect for such a move. A military school is a community where teamwork and bonding is part of every day life. If this suits your child, fine. If your child is a loner and doesn’t like a regimented and disciplined lifestyle, then a military school is not for them. If you’re looking to find more information about military school and its environment, do check out Military Schools for Boys. Or if you need expert advice on what is the best program for your teen fill out this online form.

Freedom Of Press

Freedom of Press Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the freedom of communication and expression through mediums including various electronic media and published materials. While such freedom mostly implies the absence of interference from an overreaching state, its preservation may be sought through constitutional or other legal protections.With respect to governmental information, any government may distinguish which materials are public or protected from disclosure to the public based on classification of information as sensitive, classified or secret and being therwise protected from disclosure due to relevance of the information to protecting the national interest. Many governments are also subject to sunshine laws or freedom of information legislation which are both used to define the extent of national interest.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights declares: â€Å"Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference, and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers† This philosophy is usually accompanied by legislation ensuring various degrees of freedom of scientific research (known s scientific freedom), publishing, press and printing the depth to which these laws are entrenched in a country's legal system can go as far down as its constitution.The concept of freedom of speech is often covered by the same laws as freedom of the press, thereby giving equal treatment to spoken and published expression. Beyond legal definitions, several non-governmental organizations use other criteria to Judge the level of press freedom around the world. Some of those organizations include the following: Reporters Without Borders The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) Freedom House Many of the traditional means of delivering information are being slowly superseded by the increasing pace of modern technological advance.Almost every conventional mo de of media and information dissemination has a modern counterpart that offers significant potential advantages to Journalists seeking to maintain and enhance their freedom of speech. A few simple examples of such Satellite television Web-based publishing (e. g. , blogging) Voice over Internet protocol (VOIP) Every year, Reporters Without Borders establishes a ranking of countries in terms of their freedom of the press.The Freedom of the Press index, an annual survey of edia independence in 197 countries and territories, is based on responses to surveys sent to Journalists that are members of partner organizations of the RWB, as well as related specialists such as researchers, Jurists and human rights activists. The survey asks questions about direct attacks on Journalists and the media as well as other indirect sources of pressure against the free press, such as non-governmental groups.The annual index contains the most comprehensive data set available on global media treedom and i s a key resource tor scholars, policymakers, international institutions, media, and activists. The index assesses the degree of print, broadcast, and internet freedom in every country in the world, analyzing the events of each calendar year. It provides numerical rankings and rates each country's media as â€Å"Free,† â€Å"Partly Free,† or â€Å"Not Free. Country narratives examine the legal environment for the media, political pressures that influence reporting, and economic factors that affect access to information As of 2013, the United States is ranked 32nd in the Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index. There was a fall from 20th in 2010 to 42nd in 2012, which was attributed to arrests of Journalists covering the Occupy movement. In 2011-2012, the countries where press was the most free were Finland, Norway and Germany, followed by Estonia, Netherlands, Austria, Iceland, and Luxembourg.The country with the least degree of press freedom was Eritrea, followe d by North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Iran, and China. Freedom of the press in the United States is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The First Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, says that â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦. abridging (limiting) the freedom of speech, or of the press † Freedom of speech is the liberty to speak openly without fear of government restraint.It is closely linked to freedom of the press because this freedom includes both the right to speak and the right to be heard. In the United States, both the freedom of speech and freedom of press are commonly called freedom of expression. This clause is generally understood as prohibiting the government from interfering with the printing and distribution of information or opinions, although freedom of the press, like freedom of speech, is subject to some restrictions, such as defamation law and copyright law. The Constitution's framers provided the press with broad fre edom.This freedom was considered necessary to the establishment of a strong, independent press sometimes called â€Å"the fourth branch† of the government. An independent press can provide citizens with a variety of information and opinions on matters of public importance. However, freedom of press sometimes collides with other rights, such as a defendant's right to a fair trial or a citizen's right to privacy. In recent years, there has been increasing concern about extremely aggressive journalism, including stories about people's sexual lives and photographs of people when they were in a private setting.The framers' conception of freedom of the press has been the subject of intense historical debate, both among scholars and in the pages of Judicial opinions. At the very least, those who drafted and ratified the Bill of Rights purported to embrace the notion, derived from William Blackstone, that a free press may not be licensed by the sovereign, or otherwise restrained in a dvance of publication. And, although the subject remains a lively topic of academic debate, the Supreme Court itself reviewed the historical record in 1964 in New York Times Co. . Sullivan and concluded that the central meaning of the First Amendment embraces s well a rejection of the law of seditious libel i. e. , the power of the sovereign to impose subsequent punishments, from imprisonment to criminal fines to civil damages, on those who criticize the state and its officials. To a great extent, however, what we mean by freedom of the press today was shaped in an extraordinary era of Supreme Court decision-making that began with Sullivan and concluded in 1991 witn Conen v. Cowles Media Co.During that remarkable period, the Court ruled least 40 cases involving the press and fleshed out the skeleton of freedoms addressed only rarely in prior cases. In contrast, although the Court in the early part of the last century had considered the First Amendment claims of political dissidents with some frequency, it took nearly 150 years after the adoption of the Bill of Rights, and the First Amendment along with it, for the Court to issue its first decision based squarely on the freedom of the press.Over the course of the quarter-century following Sullivan, the Court made it its business to explore the ramifications of the case on a virtually annual basis. During that period, the Supreme Courts elaboration of what we mean by a free press focused on the nature of the official restraint lleged to compromise that freedom as well as the extent to which the First Amendment protects the press from a given species of governmental action or inaction. Thus, in cases such as Near and the Pentagon Papers case (1971 ‘s New York Times Co. . United States), the Court established that freedom of the press from previous restraints on publication is nearly absolute, encompassing the right to publish information that a president concluded would harm the national security, if not th e movements of troopships at sea in time of war. In 1974's Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo, the Court embraced the analogous proposition that the overnment has virtually no power to compel the press to publish that which it would prefer to leave on the proverbial cutting room floor.In that regard, however, it must be noted that not all media are created equal when it comes to entitlement to the full protections of the First Amendments press clause. Most significantly, because of a perceived scarcity of the electromagnetic spectrum, the Court has held that Congress and the Federal Communications Commission may regulate the activities of broadcasters operating over public airwaves in a manner that would surely violate the First Amendment if applied to newspapers.Compare Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC (1969) with Tornillo. ) The Courts reasoning in Red Lion, in which it upheld the Commissions Fairness Doctrine and personal attack rule i. e. , the right of a person criticized on a broadcast station to respond to such criticism over the same airwaves licensed to that station has never been disavowed, although the Justices have expressly declined to extend it to other, later-developed communications media, including cable television (1994's Turner Broadcasting v.FCC) and the Internet (1997's Reno v. ACLU), to which the scarcity rationale for regulation is plainly napplicable. Sullivan and cases that followed also hold that the First Amendment protects the publication of false information about matters of public concern in a variety of contexts, although with considerably less vigor than it does dissemination of the truth.Even so, public officials and public fgures may not recover civil damages for injury to their reputations unless they were the victims of a reckless disregard for truth in the dissemination of a calculated falsehood. Indeed, private persons may not collect civil damages for reputational harm caused by falsehoods relating to a matter f public c oncern unless the publishers conduct violates a fault-based standard of care. And although expressions of opinion are not always immune from legal sanction, in its 1990 decision in Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co. the Court held that statements not capable of being proven false, or which reasonable people would not construe as statements of fact at all, but rather as mere rhetorical hyperbole, are absolutely protected by the First Amendment. Indeed e ou nas rejected arguments advanced by the institutional press that, because of its structural role in nsuring the free flow of information in a democratic society, it ought to enjoy unique protections from otherwise generally applicable laws that inhibit its ability to gather and report the news.Thus, in 1991 in Cohen v. Cowles Media Co. , the Court effectively concluded the treatise on the freedom of the press it began in Sullivan; it did so when it emphasized that the press is properly subject to liability under the generally applicabl e law of contracts when it breaks a promise to keep a sources identity confidential, even when it does so in order to report truthful information about the ources involvement in a matter of public concern.In the decade following Cohen, the Court again fell largely silent when it came to the First Amendments application to the institutional press. As the 21st century dawned, however, the Court interrupted that silence, at least briefly, to revisit the extent to which a generally applicable law such as the federal wiretap statute can constitutionally impose criminal penalties and civil liability on the dissemination by the press of the contents of unlawfully recorded telephone conversations, at least when the information so disseminated is the truth about a matter of public concern.While it is undeniable fact that freedom of press is essential ingredient of democracy, it does not mean it will advance the goals of democracy. A free press plays a key role in sustaining and monitoring a healthy democracy, as well as in contributing to greater accountability, good government, and economic development. Most importantly, restrictions on media are often an early indicator that governments intend to assault other democratic institutions. According to the Freedom of the Press index, only 14. 5 percent of the world's citizens live in countries that enjoy a free press.In the rest of the world, governments as well as non-state actors control the viewpoints that reach citizens and brutally repress independent voices who aim to promote accountability, good governance, and economic development.